Top 6 Natural Monuments around Santo Antão Do Tojal

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The Tagus Estuary Nature Reserve (RNET) is located in an area of high natural richness and diversity. Covering approximately 14,415 hectares, it is integrated into the largest wetland area in Portugal – the Tagus Estuary, including estuarine waters, sandbanks, salt pans, agricultural land, and cork oak forests. The connectivity of these habitats ensures the presence of a great diversity of living beings, such as mollusks, crustaceans, and small amphibians. It is also a nursery for various species of marine fish and a very important ecosystem for migratory fish. The estuary is also of great importance to aquatic birds, being one of the places with the most wintering birds in Europe.

Pêro Pinheiro, a village in the municipality of Sintra, gained notoriety "here and beyond" due to its marbles. At the beginning of this century, there were around 300 small and medium-sized companies dedicated to the transformation of said stone, much of which was extracted in these quarries in the region and another was "imported" from the Vila Viçosa and Estremoz area. Pêro Pinheiro has thus become the largest marble transformation center at national level, which has played an important role in the regional economy. In recent years, due to the crisis in civil construction, the demand for this stone has significantly decreased, ending up "condemning" many of these "quarries" to closure.

This waterfall is normally dry after 1 month of rain season, so by late march or early april it is normally dry. Then it should have water by november.

Necropolis caves of Vale da Calada: "The small village of Olelas, twenty or so kilometers from Lisbon, to the Northwest, and about 800m east of the Sabugo station, on the West railway line, to which it is connected by a path, is located at an altitude of 200m on a terrace on the slope of the Serra de Olelas, a series of small, extremely rocky hills, the northernmost of which can be seen the geodesic pyramid of the same name. Northeast of Olelas, between Cabeço do Norte and do Sul, Picôto, is excavated, as we said, a narrow valley called Vale da Calada, with steep slopes where the rock is bare in the upper parts and covered with kermes in the upper parts. lower altitudes. It is even this aspect that distinguishes the two hillocks from neighboring lands, which on the contrary are well used in different cultures and with some trees, making them stand out remarkably in the landscape for those visiting Sabugo station. These two rocky massifs, neatly cut out by the erosion that sculpted countless anfractuosities in them, have on their flanks that form the valley the three aforementioned caves of unequal importance. On the southern slope of the valley, Cova da Raposa, the largest of the three caves, has its double opening facing North and giving on a small terrace cut in half by a curious natural arch, carved in the rock, resembling a butante arch of a Gothic cathedral , quite wide at the top and tapering towards the base that deviates from the plumb to the west side." The two caves are separated, from the mouth to about 4m inland, by rock perforated on both sides and at various points by small openings, which cross it. Cova do Biguino, is a more regular cave, located on the north slope with the mouth facing southwest and opening onto a small terrace at a height greater than 10m above the Cova da Raposa border." - Removed from the website of the Union of Parishes of Almargem do Bispo, Pêro Pinheiro and Montelavar.

Lapiás ou lapiaz [1] (word derived from lapiaz, from the Jura dialect) is a typical karst relief formation, produced by the superficial dissolution of calcareous or dolomitic rocks. It can also be caused by freezing and thawing cycles in cold weather regions. Lapiás, together with dolines, cenotes, cones and karst valleys, form the outer portion of the karst relief, also known as exocarste, while caves, crevices and speleothems make up the underground part of karst, or endocarste. Lapiás consist of fractures in the superficial rocks that expand through the dissolution of the rock, resulting in large channels that groove the rocks horizontally or vertically, as well as fields of large rocks, isolated from each other and with different types of flutes, fringes and surface holes. In some cases, only depressions occur along the surface of the rock, which is not fragmented. Lapiás are formed initially by dissolving the rock at the interface with the soil and cracks are opened. After erosion of the topsoil, the rocks are exposed and the dissolution of the rock continues to expand the cracks. Eventually the rocks are completely separated and form fields of level rocks or groove and crevice patterns. Soil and vegetation can fill the spaces between rocks.