The best road cycling routes around Junça

The Alcázar Gate in Ciudad Rodrigo is one of the historic entrances to the city walls and has great heritage and scenic value. It was opened in 1507 by Antonio del Águila, warden of the Alcázar, when he built the defensive barrier in that area. It is located next to the Castle of Henry II of Trastámara, in the section of the wall facing the Águeda River, known as the Battery, due to the cannons that were once installed there.

Castelo Rodrigo holds millennia of history, from Paleolithic and Roman remains to the Muslim presence in the castle. Conquered and reconquered between the 12th and 13th centuries, it became a town and municipality under King Alfonso IX of León and passed definitively to Portugal in 1297, when King Dinis rebuilt and repopulated the castle. Marked by wars, charters, and restorations, it welcomed pilgrims on their way to Santiago and remains today one of the twelve Historic Villages of Portugal.

At the entrance to Castelo Rodrigo, the Monastery of Santa Maria de Aguiar rises among chestnut trees, founded in 1174 by King Afonso Henriques and handed over to the Cistercian Order. From the sober church to the monks' quarters and the guesthouse loggia with its 1704 coat of arms, everything testifies to centuries of faith and hospitality for pilgrims to Santiago. Despite the damage caused by the French invasions and its abandonment in 1834, the monastery's former beauty remains intact.

Malpartida stands serenely on the border plain, preserving in its main church, with its romantic bell tower, the most visible trace of its memory. But the past here goes far beyond the stones: from the cave tombs of the Nave de Mouros to the ancient watchtower of the Restoration, from the echoes of the Castilian sack of 1762 to the fierce battle against the French in 1808. Even generals left their mark; Ney established his headquarters here, and Brenier boldly escaped the siege of Almeida. Malpartida is, therefore, a land where every stone tells of battles, losses, and exploits.

Almeida stands on the plateau like a table set for history: "Al-Mêda" was the name given to it by the Arabs. Previously, it had been a Lusitanian, Roman, and then Christian fort, conquered in 1190 and definitively Portuguese in 1297. Around the medieval castle grew the town, still marked by the Puerta do Sol. After the Restoration, the town transformed into a veritable war machine: the six-pointed star-shaped fortress, with bastions, ravelins, and underground galleries that served as both shelter and prison. It was the scene of decisive battles, devastated by the explosion of 1810 and contested in the liberal wars, always rising from the ruins.

For centuries, crossing the Côa Valley was only possible via two bridges: the São Roque Bridge and this one, the Ponte Grande, the gateway to Almeida. Built in the 17th century and renovated in the 19th century, the Ponte Grande was forever linked to the Battle of the Côa in 1810, when the Portuguese-British forces resisted the third Napoleonic invasion. Today, the bridge remains a silent guardian of that memory.

Castelo Mendo is a historic village with medieval roots, marked by two walls: the oldest, dating from the 12th century, surrounds the old town with its castle and the church of Santa Maria; the second, built by King Dinis in the 14th century, protected the Gothic suburb. The site was a living border between Portugal and León until the Treaty of Alcanices (1297), guarding strategic passages over the Côa River. At the entrance, two Vetón bellows, stone figures in the shape of wild boars, recall even more remote origins. Classified as a Property of Public Interest since 1984, Castelo Mendo today stands as a rare testament to the border region's history and Portuguese medieval splendor.

Freineda, a small border village, welcomed Lord Wellington between late 1812 and the spring of 1813, during the Peninsular War. In a stone house next to the church, the general established his headquarters, while the rest of the general staff dispersed to neighboring villages. Although described at the time as poverty-stricken, the village became the scene of major military decisions. Today, it remains modest and small, but keeps the memory of that time alive: on the facade of the house where Wellington lived, a plaque commemorates his visit.